Why the exact stone anatomy matters
A useful treatment plan needs to know where the stone is, how large it is, whether urine flow is blocked and whether there are multiple stones or anatomical factors that make treatment more complex.
Endoscopic laser treatment
Freiburg describes endoscopic treatment through natural urinary passages and holmium laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of ureteral and kidney stones. The actual approach can vary according to anatomy and stone burden.
When urgent local care matters
A patient with fever or systemic illness together with an obstructed urinary tract may need urgent drainage and antibiotics rather than planned medical travel. Severe uncontrolled pain, inability to pass urine or acute deterioration should be assessed locally without waiting for an international appointment.
What to send for review
Stone treatment is imaging-driven.
- Recent CT or ultrasound images and reports
- Stone size and location
- Kidney-function laboratory results
- Urine culture when performed
- History of previous stone procedures
- Medication including anticoagulants
- Any known urinary-tract abnormalities
Official sources
Sources last checked 2026-08-29. Confirm current eligibility, procedure details and hospital requirements directly with the treating urology team.